![]() ![]() Narcissists respond with anger and hostility towards rejection, and can degrade, insult, or blame others who disagree with them. They commonly keep people emotionally distant, and project, deny, or split. Narcissists may disrespect other's boundaries or idealize and devalue them. It is common for people with NPD to have difficult relationships. Despite these characteristics, they are more likely to overestimate their capacity for empathy. They can still act in selfless ways to improve other's image of them, advance their social status, or if explicitly told to. ![]() People with NPD are less likely to engage in prosocial behavior. They may also have difficulty relating to other's experiences and being emotionally vulnerable. However they do not display a compromised capacity for cognitive empathy or an impaired theory of mind, which are the abilities to understand other's feelings and attribute mental states to oneself or others respectively. Patients with NPD have an impaired ability to recognize facial expressions or mimic emotions, as well as a lower capacity for emotional empathy and emotional intelligence. Drastic shifts in levels of self-esteem can result in a significantly decreased ability to regulate emotions. ![]() A sense of personal superiority may lead them to monopolize conversations, look down on others or to become impatient and disdainful when other persons talk about themselves. They are more likely to try forms of plastic surgery due to a desire to gain attention and to be seen as beautiful. Alongside this they may have difficulty accepting help, vengeful fantasies, a sense of entitlement, and they may feign humility. People with NPD will try to gain social status and approval in an attempt to avoid and combat these feelings, often by exaggerating their skills, accomplishments, and their degree of intimacy with people they consider high-status. Individuals with NPD are often motivated to achieve their goals, status, improvement, and perfectionism, and to ignore relationships or avoid situations due to fears of incompetence, failure, worthlessness, inferiority, shame, humiliation, and losing control. People with NPD gain self-worth and meaning through this admiration. They also are hypersensitive to criticism and possess an intense need for admiration. Their view of themselves is extremely malleable and dependent on others' opinions of them. People with NPD struggle with intense and pervasive feelings of shame, worthlessness, low self-compassion, and self-loathing. However, there is an almost complete lack of studies determining the effectiveness of treatments. Psychotherapeutic treatments generally fall into two categories: psychoanalytic/ psychodynamic and Cognitive behavioral therapy, with growing support for integration of both in therapy. Its high comorbidity with other mental disorders influences treatment choice and outcomes. Criteria for diagnosing personality disorders are listed in the sixth chapter of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and in the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). These patterns develop by early adulthood, and are associated with significant distress or impairment. Personality disorders are a class of mental disorders characterized by enduring and inflexible maladaptive patterns of behavior, cognition, and inner experience, exhibited across many contexts and deviating from those accepted by any culture. It is often comorbid with other mental disorders and associated with significant functional impairment and psychosocial disability. Narcissistic personality disorder is one of the sub-types of the broader category known as personality disorders. Narcissistic personality disorder ( NPD) is a personality disorder characterized by a life-long pattern of exaggerated feelings of self-importance, an excessive need for admiration, and a diminished ability to empathize with other people's feelings. Psychotherapy, pharmaceuticals for comorbid disorders īipolar disorder, mania and hypomania, antisocial personality disorder, substance abuse, borderline personality disorder, histrionic personality disorder, grandiose delusions. Narcissus (1597–99) by Caravaggio the man in love with his own reflectionĮxaggerated feelings of self-importance, excessive craving for admiration, reduced levels of empathy Ī combination of genetic and environmental factors, including trauma, neglect, and rejection in childhood. Medical condition Narcissistic personality disorder
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